Psychological Science Wolfgang Gaissmaier and Gerd Gigerenzer Terrorist Attacks 9 / 11 , Act II : A Fine - Grained Analysis of Regional Variations in Traffic Fatalities in the Aftermath of the
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چکیده
Terrorists can strike twice—first, by directly killing people, and second, through dangerous behaviors induced by fear in people’s minds. Previous research identified a substantial increase in U.S. traffic fatalities subsequent to the September 11 terrorist attacks, which were accounted for as due to a substitution of driving for flying, induced by fear of dread risks. Here, we show that this increase in fatalities varied widely by region, a fact that was best explained by regional variations in increased driving. Two factors, in turn, explained these variations in increased driving. The weaker factor was proximity to New York City, where stress reactions to the attacks were previously shown to be greatest. The stronger factor was driving opportunity, which was operationalized both as number of highway miles and as number of car registrations per inhabitant. Thus, terrorists’ second strike exploited both fear of dread risks and, paradoxically, an environmental structure conducive to generating increased driving, which ultimately increased fatalities.
منابع مشابه
Psychological Science Wolfgang Gaissmaier and Gerd Gigerenzer Terrorist Attacks 9 / 11 , Act II : A Fine - Grained Analysis of Regional Variations in Traffic Fatalities in the Aftermath
Terrorists can strike twice—first, by directly killing people, and second, through dangerous behaviors induced by fear in people’s minds. Previous research identified a substantial increase in U.S. traffic fatalities subsequent to the September 11 terrorist attacks, which were accounted for as due to a substitution of driving for flying, induced by fear of dread risks. Here, we show that this i...
متن کامل9/11, Act II: a fine-grained analysis of regional variations in traffic fatalities in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks.
Terrorists can strike twice--first, by directly killing people, and second, through dangerous behaviors induced by fear in people's minds. Previous research identified a substantial increase in U.S. traffic fatalities subsequent to the September 11 terrorist attacks, which were accounted for as due to a substitution of driving for flying, induced by fear of dread risks. Here, we show that this ...
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People tend to fear dread risks, that is, low-probability, high-consequence events, such as the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. If Americans avoided the dread risk of flying after the attack and instead drove some of the unflown miles, one would expect an increase in traffic fatalities. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing data from the U.S. Department of Transportation for the 3 mon...
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Several novels have appeared after the September 11 attacks whichdeal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both insideand outside of the United States. Though, the novels often claim to deal withthe post- traumatic aftermath of the incident, the writers regularly use Orientaliststereotyping and it seems that after 9/11 this attitude toward Muslims has hardenedand ...
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